Not making a statement about this event, but worth noting that sanctions against Iran prevent Boeing from selling parts or new aircraft.
It could be something like what happened with TWA Flight 800 back in 1996, where an electrical short in a fuel tank caused a Boeing 747 to explode just 12 minutes after takeoff.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_800But I'd be highly surprised to find that a 3 year old 737-800 would have the same kind of defect present, and the timing on the event is uncanny.
We do know something exploded for some reason, and whatever it was that exploded, it caused a catastrophic failure as telemetry and communications went down the moment it happened.
Obviously, an over-eager person manning Air Defense would make the easiest suspect. as the US itself can attest to, with when the USS Vincennes shot down an Iranian airbus. Which is something I
do know a bit more about considering I wound up getting a partial brief on the circumstances involving one specific aspect so we could attempt to do a tech consult for National Geographic's 2005 presentation on the matter. (They didn't include our stuff, but anyhow..)
The air traffic control situation today should be
very different now than it was when I last was involved in things 10+ years ago, but I do know that we were more than a little concerned about it changing too fast for the United States Military to keep its own systems sufficiently up to speed. Thankfully there are several other protections in place for our shooters now compared to 1988--but that does nothing for Iran's capabilities or lack thereof. I can only imagine how far behind the curve Iran is, due to sanctions if nothing else.
Which now leaves me wondering if Iran just found themselves living though the "nightmare scenarios" myself and several of my co-workers at the time were contending with back around 2007, only we were afraid it'd be a US Navy Ship doing the shooting, again. As there were concerns about the proposed process for rolling out Mode S in some parts of the world even then.
https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Mode_SGiven a lot of Iran's air defense systems likely date back to the 1980's (if not earlier), their inability to cope with a civil aviation beacon system introduced less than 15 years ago would hardly be shocking.